THE ROYALTY OF SCOTLAND

The Scottish Nation is generally acknowledged to have come together between the sixth and fourteenth centuries, absorbing several races in the process of creating what certain individuals like to think of as the pure Scot. In fact, there is no such being. The early Scots were a post-Roman Gaelic-speaking people who invaded and settled the west coast, known then as Dalriada, having travelled over the sea from Ireland, and before that, it is fancifully suggested, although not as yet proven, the Middle East.

The original pre-Roman inhabitants were collectively known as Picts, because their language was pictorial and, through colonisation and marriage, and because they had no written language with which to record what was happening to them, they simply disappeared.

Meanwhile, Scandinavian Viking people invaded the far north, west coast and offshore islands and stayed on. In the south, Strathclyde Britons, a Welsh speaking people, and early Saxon settlers, put down encampments. With the first overseas trade initiatives appeared merchants, and following William the Conqueror’s invasion of England in 1066, Norman-born fortune hunters arrived in Scotland. Finally we have the influence of the English in more modern times.

The Royal House of Scotland arose from the union in 843 of the Kingdom of the Scots, Dalriada, with Caledonia, the Kingdom of the Picts, which later comprised the northern and eastern parts of the country. The Kings of the Picts, ARD RIGH ALBANN, according to their chroniclers, derived from CRUITHNE, King of the Picts (from whose seven younger sons the original Seven Earls or provincial Kings of Caledonia were deduced) through seventy kings (of whom the 49th, BRUDE MacMAELCON, 565, and NECTAN MacDERILI, 596-617, were converted to Christianity), to ...

CONSTANTINE MacANGUS, (71st), who was succeeded by,

ANGUS II, (72nd) who reigned 821-833, and had issue,

• EOGHAIN MacANGUS (73rd), of whom presently.

• Fergusia, married Eocha, of the Royal House of Dalriada, (whose official genealogy declaimed by the Royal Sennachie at the Scottish Coronation, traces their succession from FERGUS MOR MacERC (circa 496), a scion of the Royal House of the High Kings of Ireland), and had issue,

  • ALPIN, who claimed the Pictish throne on Eoghain's death in 839, and was father of,

    • KENNETH MacALPIN, of whom presently as 74th ARD RIGH ALBANN.

    • DONALD I, who succeeded his brother.

His son and heir,

EOGHAIN MacANGUS (73rd), who died 839, when he was succeeded by his great-nephew,

KENNETH I, surnamed MacAlpin, (74th), in whose person the Crowns of Dalriada and Caledonia were united as first King of Scots from 844, and had issue,

• CONSTANTINE, who succeeded his uncle.

• AEDH, who succeeded his brother.

• a daughter who married Run, King of Strathclyde, and had issue,

  • EOCHA, who succeeded his uncle.

(in both realms tribal Kingship was hereditary in the Royal race but selective as regards the individual, passing primarily to the Tanistair or nominee of the reigning Sovereign), and at his death in 859, he was succeeded by his brother,

DONALD I, who reigned from 859 to 863, when he was succeeded by his nephew,

CONSTANTINE I, (son of Kenneth I), reigned from 863 to 877, when he fell in a battle with the Danes, and was succeeded by his brother, he left issue,

• DONALD II, who succeeded his first cousin.

His brother,

AEDH, who reigned but one year, 877-8, when it is said that he was "slain by his people," and was succeeded by his nephew, he left issue,

• CONSTANTINE II, who succeeded his first cousin.

His nephew,

EOCHA, (son of Run, King of Strathclyde, by the dau. of Kenneth I), he reigned 878-889, (Ciric or Grig, son of Dungail, being associated with him) and was succeeded by his first cousin,

DONALD II, (son of Constantine I), reigned from 889-900, when he was slain in a Danish invasion, and was succeeded by his first cousin, he left issue,

• MALCOLM I, who succeeded his uncle.

His first cousin,

CONSTANTINE II, (son of Aedh), who reigned 42 years, 900-942, and, being harassed by the ravages of the Northmen, ret. 942 to the Monastery of St. Andrews, and was succeeded by his first cousin once removed, he left issue,

• INDULPH, who succeeded his second cousin.

His first cousin once removed,

MALCOLM I, (son of Donald II), reigned from 942-954 when he was succeeded by his second cousin, he left issue,

• DUBH, who succeeded his second cousin once removed.

• KENNETH II, who succeeded his third cousin.

His second cousin,

INDULPH, (son of Constantine II), reigned from 954-962, when he was succeeded by his second cousin once removed, he left issue,

• CUILEAN, who succeeded his third cousin.

His second cousin once removed,

DUBH, (son of Malcolm II), reigned from 962-967, when he was succeeded by his third cousin, he left issue,

• KENNETH III, who succeeded his fourth cousin.

His third cousin,

CUILEAN, (son of Indulph), reigned from 967-911, when he was succeeded by his third cousin, he left issue,

• CONSTANTINE III, who succeeded his third cousin once removed.

His third cousin,

KENNETH II, (son of Malcolm I), reigned from 971-995, when he was succeeded by his third cousin once removed, he left issue,

• MALCOLM II, who succeeded his first cousin.

His third cousin once removed,

CONSTANTINE III, (son of Cuilean), reigned from 995-997, when he was succeeded by his fourth cousin,

KENNETH III, son of DUBH, reigned from 997-1005, and was slain at Monzievaird circa 25 March, 1005, by his first cousin, he left issue,

• Bode, had issue,

  • Gruoch, who married firstly Gillacomgan (decd.) and married secondly MACBETH, King of Scots (died 15 August 1057), and died without issue

His first cousin,

MALCOLM II (styled Malcolm MacKenneth), born circa 954, (son of Kenneth II), reigned from 1005-34, acceded to Alba 1005, secured Lothian circa 1016, obtained Strathclyde for his grandson Duncan circa 1016, he died 25 November 1034, at 80, having had issue,

• Bethoc, married circa 1000, Crinan, the Thane, Hereditary Abbot of Dunkeld, in the Celtic Church, mormaer of Atholl, who was slain 1045, leaving issue,

  • DUNCAN I, of whom presently.

  • Maldred, married Edith, daughter of Uchtred, Earl of Northumberland, and was father of Cospatrick, Earl of Northumberland.

  • a daughter, who was mother of Moddan.

• Donada, married Finlaec, Mormaer of Moray, and had issue of a son,

  • MACBETH, King of Scots, of whom presently.

• another daughter married Sigurd, Earl of Orkney, and had issue.

His grandson and successor,

THE HOUSE OF ATHOLL

DUNCAN I, (son of Crinan, Hereditary Abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethoc his wife, daughter of Malcolm II), reigned 1034-40, during which the north and west of Scotland were conquered by the Northmen, under Thorfinn, Jarl of the Orkneys, he married a cousin of Siward, Earl of Northumberland, and had three sons,

• MALCOLM III, of whom presently.

• DONALD BANE, who succeeded his nephew.

• Melmare

He was killed 14 August 1040, by his cousin, Macbeth, Mormaer of Moray, who had joined forces with those of the invader, and who succeeded him.

His first cousin,

MACBETH, (son of Filaec, Mormaer of Moray, and Donada, daughter of Malcolm II), reigned from 1040-57, (his kingdom being confined to the country south and west of the Tay, Thorfinn ruling over the remainder), he married Gruoch, widow of Gillacomgan and daughter of Bode, son of Kenneth III, and was killed without issue 15 August 1057, by Malcolm, son of Duncan I at Lumphanan, Aberdeenshire, he was succeeded by his stepson,

LULACH, (son of GILLACOMGAN, Mormaer of Moray, and Gruoch his wife, daughter of BODE, son of KENNETH III), was made King by MACBETH'S party, and after reigning seven months, was slain at Essie, in Strathbogie, 17 March, 1057-58, leaving issue,

• MALSNECHTIA.

• a daughter, whose son,

  • ANGUS, succeeded to the Earldom of Moray, was associated with Malcolm, natural son of ALEXANDER I, in an insurrection against DAVID I, but was defeated and slain in 1130.

His successor,

MALCOLM III, known as Ceannmor, or Great Head, born circa 1031, (eldest son of DUNCAN I), ascended the throne, 17 March, 1057-58. Under him, the provinces acquired by Thorfinn, fell again under native rule. He married firstly, circa 1059, Ingibjorg, daughter or widow of Thorfinn, Earl of Orkney, and had issue,

• DUNCAN II.

• Malcolm, living 1094.

• Donald, died 1085.

He married secondly, 1068-69, Margaret (died 16 November 1093, and was canonised as St. Margaret), daughter of Edward Atheling and sister of EDGAR ATHELING, who had fled to Scotland with his sisters, and by her had issue,

• Edward, wounded with his father at Alnwick, died 16 November 1093.

• EDMUND, mentioned hereafter, died a monk.

• Ethelred, Lay Abbot of Dunkeld, died before 1097.

• EDGAR, successively King of Scotland

• ALEXANDER, successively King of Scotland.

• DAVID, successively King of Scotland

• Eadgith, otherwise Matilda, married 11 November 1100, HENRY I of England, and died 1 May, 1118, leaving issue. He died 1 December 1135.

• Mary, married 1102, Eustace, Count of Boulogne, and died 31 May, 1116, leaving issue.

Malcolm was slain at Alnwick, 13 November 1093 (buried at Tynemouth) and was succeeded by his brother,

DONALD BANE became King of Scots, 13 November 1093, but was deposed May, 1094, by his nephew,

DUNCAN II, born 1060, son of MALCOLM III, by his first wife. He married circa 1090, Ethelreda, daughter of Cospatrick, Earl of Northumberland, and had issue, a son, DUNCAN, father of WILLIAM, whose son, William of Egremont, died under age. DUNCAN II, after reigning six months, was slain at Mondynes, 12 November 1094, when,

DONALD BANE resumed the throne, 12 November 1094, his nephew, EDMUND, son of MALCOLM III (and Margaret, his wife), being conjoined with him. In 1097, through means of EDGAR ATIIELING, DONALD was defeated and expelled from Scotland, EDMUND imprisoned, and the throne assumed by EDGAR (another son of MALCOLM III). DONALD BANE'S grand-daughter and heiress, HEXTILDA, married Richard Comyn, and their descendant, John Comyn, known as the Black Comyn, was one of the competitors for the Scottish Crown in 1291. Donald Bane was succeeded by

EDGAR, born 1074, son of MALCOLM III, reigned from 1097-1107, died unmarried 8 January 1106-7, and was succeeded by his brother,

ALEXANDER I, born 1077. While Alexander reigned over Scotland, north of the Forth and Clyde, his brother DAVID, who had been trained in England, and was Earl of Northumberland, ruled with the title of Earl in Lothian and Cumbria. Alexander married Sybilla (died without issue 12 July, 1122), natural daughter of HENRY I of England. He died at Stirling, 23 April, 1124, and was succeeded by his yst. brother,

DAVID I (called The Saint), born circa 1080, married circa 1114, Matilda, widow of Simon de Senlis or St. Liz, and daughter and heiress of Waltheof, Earl of Huntingdon, and had issue,

• Malcolm, strangled when a child by his great-uncle Donald Bane.

• HENRY, Earl of Huntingdon, married 1139, - (died 1178), daughter of William de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, and died vita patris 12 June, 1152, leaving issue,

  • MALCOLM, succeeded his grandfather.

  • WILLIAM, The Lion, afterwards King of Scotland.

  • DAVID, Earl of Huntingdon in England, married 26 August 1190, Maud, daughter and in her issue co-heir of Hugh de Kevilioc, Earl of Chester, and died 17 June 1219, having had issue,

    • Robert, died vita patris unmarried

    • Henry, died vita patris unmarried

    • JOHN (called The Scot), Earl of Chester and Huntingdon, died without issue 5 June, 1237.

    • MARGARET, married 1209, Alan, Lord of Galloway (died 1234), and had issue, three daughters,

      • Helen, married Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester, and had issue. He died 1264.

      • Christian, married 1236, William de Fortibus, Earl of Albemarle, and died without issue 1245-6.

      • Devorguilla, married 1233, JOHN BALIOL (died 1269), and died 28 January 1289-90, having had issue,

        • Hugh (Sir) of Barnard Castle, died without issue before 10 April, 1271.

        • Alan, of Barnard Castle, died without issue

        • Alexander (Sir), of Barnard Castle, died without issue before 13 November 1278.

        • JOHN BALIOL, the successful competitor for the Crown in 1292.

        • Cecilia, died unmarried

        • Ada, married 1266, William Lindsay, of Lambarton.

        • Alianora, married John Comyn, of Badenoch.

    • ISOBEL, married Robert de Brus, Lord of Annandale (died 1245), and had issue, with a daughter Beatrice married Hugo de Neville, an only son,

      • ROBERT BRUCE, Lord of Annandale, the competitor for the Crown in 1291-92 (and who had first claimed the Crown under a verbal nomination (by tanistry) to him by Alexander III, failing the Maid of Norway, and her issue), he married Isabel, daughter of Gilbert de Clare, third Earl of Gloucester and Hereford, and died before, 3 May, 1294, having had issue,

        • le Robert Bruce, Lord of Annandale, married 1271, Margaret (died 1292), widow of Adam de Kilconcath Kilconquhar, and daughter and heiress of Neil, second Earl of Carrick, in whose right he became Earl of Carrick, and had issue,

          • ROBERT, eventually KING OF SCOTLAND.

          • EDWARD, had the Earldom of Carrick conferred on him by his brother, was crowned KING OF IRELAND 2 May 1316, and killed at the battle of Dundalk, 14 October 1318, without issue

          • Thomas, executed at Carlisle, 9 February 1306-7.

          • Alexander, executed at Carlisle, 9 February 1306-7.

          • Nigel, beheaded September 1306.

          • Isabel, married before 25 September 1293, Eric II, King of Norway, son of Magnus VI.

          • Mary, married firstly, Sir Neil Campbell, of Lochow, secondly, Sir Alexander Fraser, Lord Chamberlain of Scotland.

          • Christian, married firstly, Gratney, Earl of Mar, secondly, Sir Christopher Seton, thirdly, Sir Andrew Moray, of Bothwell.

          • Matilda, married Hugh, Earl of Ross.

          • Margaret, married Sir William de Carlyle.

        • William, married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Raymond de Sully.

        • Bernard (Sir), of Conington and Exton, Rutland, married firstly, Alicia de Clare, and secondly, Constance de Morleyn. His son,

          • Sir John Bruce, of Exton, left an only daughter and heir,

            • Jane, married Sir Nicholas Green.

        • Richard, died vita patris before 26 January 1286-7.

    • Matilda, died unmarried

    • Ada, married Henry de Hastings, and was mother of Sir Henry Hastings, of Ashill, Norfolk, whose son John, first Baron Hastings, was one of the competitors for the Crown in 1291

  • Ada, married 1161, Florent, Count of Holland, whose descendant, Florent, Count of Holland, was a competitor for the Crown in 1291-92.

  • Margaret, married firstly, 1160, Conan de Bretagne, Earl of Richmond (died 20 February 1170-1), leaving issue, an only daughter,

    • Constance wife of Geoffrey, son of HENRY II of England.

    She married secondly, Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford.

  • Matilda, died young, 1152.

• Claricia, died unmarried

• Hodierna, died unmarried

David I, died 24 May, 1153, and was succeeded by his grandson.

MALCOLM IV (called The Maiden), born 20 March, 1141-2, died unmarried 9 December 1165 (buried at Dunfermline), and was succeeded by his brother,

WILLIAM (known as The Lion), born circa 1143, enthroned at Scone, 24 December 1165, married 5 September 1186, Ermengarde (died 11 February 1233-4), daughter of Richard, Viscount of Bellomont, and had issue,

• ALEXANDER, afterwards ALEXANDER II.

• Margaret, married 1221, Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, Justiciary of England, and afterwards of Ireland, and died without issues. 1295.

• Isabel, married 1225, Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk. He died without issue 4 July, 1270.

• Marjory, married 1 August 1235, Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke, and died without issue 17 November 1244. He died after 27 June, 1241.

William had also five illegitimate children, a son and four daughters, from each of whom sprang one of the claimants to the Crown in 1291-92. WILLIAM (The Lion), died at Stirling 4 December 1214, was buried at Aberbrothock, and was succeeded by his son,

ALEXANDER II, born 24 August 1198, enthroned 6 December 1214. He married firstly, 19 June, 1221, Joan, (died without issue 4 March, 1237-8), daughter of King JOHN of England. He married secondly, 15 May, 1239, Mary (who married secondly, before 6 June, 1257, Jean de Brienne, son of John, King of Jerusalem), daughter of Ingelram (or Enguerand) de Couci, Baron de Couci in Picardy, and by her had issue, a son,

• ALEXANDER, his successor as ALEXANDER III.

Alexander II had also a natural daughter, Marjory, married Alan Durward, the Justiciary, whose grandson, Nicolas de Soulis, was one of the competitors for the Crown. He died at the Island of Kerrera 8 July, 1249, and was buried in Melrose Abbey and was succeeded by his only son,

ALEXANDER III, born 4 September 1241, enthroned at Scone, 13 July, 1249, married firstly, 26 December 1251, Margaret (died 26 February 1274-5), elder daughter, of Henry III of England, and had issue,

• Alexander, Prince of Scotland, born 21 January 1263-4, married 15 November 1282, Margaret, daughter or Guy, Count of Flanders, and died without issue 28 January 1283-4.

• DAVID, born 20 March, 1272-3, died unmarried June, 1281.

• Margaret, born 28 February 1260-1, married 31 August 1281, Eric Magnusson, King of Norway (who married secondly, ante 25 September 1293, Isabel, sister of ROBERT I, and died 9 April, 1283, leaving issue, an only daughter

  • MARGARET, successor to her grandfather.

Alexander III, married secondly, 14 October 1285, Yolande, daughter of Robert IV, Count de Dreux, and died without issues. from a fall from horseback, nr. Kinghorn, 19 March, 1285-6. He was succeeded by his grand-daughter,

MARGARET, the Maid of Norway, born before 9 April, 1283, died unmarried 28 September 1290, on her passage to Scotland, and a disputed succession followed, the competitors, twelve in number, eventually agreeing to submit their claims to the arbitration of EDWARD I of England. JOHN BALIOL and ROBERT BRUCE were the two between whom the contest eventually lay, and on 17 November 1292 EDWARD decided in favour of,

JOHN BALIOL, born circa 1250, (eldest surv. son of John de Baliol (by his wife Devorguilla, third daughter, but eventual heiress of Alan, Lord of Galloway, and his wife Margaret, daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon, he was crowned at Scone 30 November 1292 and his acknowledgment of Edward as Lord Paramount was followed by a succession of indignities, which goaded him into resistance, and he was compelled to resign the Crown, 10 July, 1296. He married before 7 February 1280-1, Isobel, daughter of John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, and died in France, circa April, 1313, having had issue, two sons,

• EDWARD, crowned by the English at Scone, 24 September 1332, but fled from Scotland, 18 December1332, and died without issue 1383.

• Henry, slain at Annan, 16 December 1332, died without issue

Baliol’s deposition was followed by Edward’s subjugation of Scotland, and two struggles for independence, the first under Sir William Wallace, the second, with success, under ROBERT THE BRUCE, who at length succeeded as,

ROBERT (I) THE BRUCE, born 11 July, 1274, (eldest son of Robert Bruce, Lord of Annandale (see above), and grandson of ALEXANDER III's nominee (tanistair)), was crowned at Scone, 27 March, 1306, and re-established the independence of Scotland at Bannockburn, 24 June, 1314. He married firstly, circa 1295, Isabel, daughter of Donald, 6th Earl of Mar, and had issue, a daughter,

• MARJORIE, married 1315, Walter, 6th High Steward of Scotland, and died 2 March, 1315-16, soon after having had issue, a son,

  • who became ROBERT II, first king of the House of STEWART.

Robert I married secondly, 1302, Elizabeth de Burgh (died 26 October 1327), daughter of Richard, Earl of Ulster, and by her had issue,

• DAVID, Earl of Carrick, his successor as DAVID II.

• John, died young.

• Matilda, married Thomas Isaac, and died 20 July, 1353, having had issue, two daughters Joan, married John of Lord, and Katherine, died unmarried

• Margaret, married before 10 November 1345, 5th Earl of Sutherland, and died 1358, leaving issue.

Robert I died 7 June, 1329, was buried at Dunfermline, and was succeeded by his elder son,

DAVID II, Earl of Carrick before his accession, born 5 March, 1323-4, crowned at Scone, 24 November 1331. He married firstly, 17 July, 1328, Johanna (died 14 August 1362), daughter of EDWARD II of England, he married secondly, 20 February 1363-4 (div. 20 March 1369-70), Margaret (died post 31 January 1374-5), widow of Sir John Logie, and daughter of Sir Malcolm Drummond. He died without issue at Edinburgh Castle, 22 February 1370-1, and was succeeded by his nephew,

THE HOUSE OF STEWART

ROBERT II, (only child of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland, and Marjorie Bruce, daughter of ROBERT I), born 2 March, 1315-16, Steward of Scotland, 9 April, 1326, Regent 1335-41, and 1346-57, created Earl of Atholl, 16 February 1341-2, Earl of Strathearn before 1357-8, and crowned at Scone, 26 March, 1371. He married firstly (dispensation dd 22 November 1347), Elizabeth (died ante 1355), daughter of Sir Adam Mure, of Rowallan. By her he had previously had issue,

• JOHN, Earl of Carrick, 1368, succeeded to the throne as ROBERT III.

• Walter, jure uxoris Earl of Fife, married Isabel, Countess of Fife, widow of Sir William Ramsay, and daughter and heiress of Duncan Earl of Fife, and died without issue after 14 August 1362.

• Robert, first Duke of Albany, born circa 1340, Earl of Menteith by m, and Earl of Fife and Earl of Buchan by entail, created Duke of Albany, 1398, and Earl of Atholl for the life of Robert III 1403, Great Chamberlain 1383-1407, Governor of the realm during part of the reigns of Robert II and III, Regent from the death of Robert III to his own death, 3 Sept 1420, married firstly, (by dispensation. 9 September 1361), Margaret, Countess of Menteith (died 1380), widow of Sir John Moray, Lord of Bothwell, Thomas, 13th Earl of Mar, and Sir John Drummond of Concraig, and daughter of Sir John Graham (and Mary, Countess of Menteith), and had issue,

  • Murdoch, second Duke of Albany, and Regent of Scotland, who was attainted and beheaded 25 May, 1425. He married 17 February 1391-92, Isabel, eldest daughter and co-heiress of Duncan, Earl of Lennox, and had issue, with a daughter Isobel, married Sir Walter Buchanan of that Ilk, four sons,

    • Robert, Master of Fife, died vita patris, without issue before July 1421.

    • Walter (Sir) of Lennox, tried and beheaded at Stirling, 24 May, 1425, was ancestor of the Lords Avandale, Ochiltree, Methven, St. Colme etc.

    • Alexander (Sir), beheaded 25 May, 1425.

    • James (Sir), fled to Ireland, died without issue 1451, ancestor of the Stewarts of Ardvorlich

  • Janet, betrothed (20 July, 1372) as a child to David, infant son of Sir Bartholomew de Loen and Lady Philippa Moubray, but it is doubtful if the married took place.

  • Maria, married Sir William Abernethy of Saltoun, and had issue.

  • Margaret, married firstly, Sir John Swinton, of Swinton and had issue. He was killed 14 September 1401. She married secondly, Robert Stewart of Lorn and had further issue.

  • Isobel, married firstly, Alexander Leslie, Earl of Ross, and had issue. She married secondly, Walter Haliburton, of Dirleton, and had further issue.

  Robert, Duke of Albany married secondly, Muriella (died 1449), daughter of Sir William Keith, Marischal of Scotland and by her had issue,

  • John, third Earl of Buchan on the resignation of his father, 20 September 1406, and Chamberlain of Scotland soon afterwards, head of the Scottish auxiliaries in France 1420, Constable of France, fell at Verneuil, 17 August 1424. He married 1413, Elizabeth (who secondly, Sir Thomas Stewart, and thirdly, William, Earl of Orkney), daughter of Archibald, 4th Earl of Douglas, and had issue, a daughter,

    • Margaret, married 1436, George, first Lord Seton and had issue

  • Andrew, died without issue before 1413.

  • Robert, de jure Earl of Ross, living 1431, died without issue

  • Marjory, married Sir Duncan Campbell of Lochaw, first Lord Campbell and had issue.

  • Elizabeth, married Malcolm Fleming of Biggar and Cumbernauld, and had issue. He died 1440.

• Alexander, Earl of Buchan, 1374, and jure uxoris, Earl of Ross, known as “The Wolf of Badenoch” married Euphemia, Countess of Ross, widow of Sir Walter Leslie, and daughter and heiress of William, 5th Earl of Ross, and died without issue 24 July, 1394, leaving several illegitmate children. He was ancestor of the Stewarts of Fothergill, STEWART-MEIKLEJOHN of Edradynate and STEWART-STEVENS of Balnakeilly.

• Margaret, married (by dispensation 14 June, 1350), John Macdonald, Lord of the Isles. He died 1387, having had issue

• Marjorie, married firstly (Papal Dispensation, 11 July, 1371), her cousin, John Dunbar, who was created Earl of Moray, 9 March 1371-72. He died circa 1390, leaving issue. She married secondly circa 1403, Sir Alexander Keith, of Grandtown.

• Jean, married firstly, Sir John Keith, secondly, 1379, Sir John Lyon, Chamberlain of Scotland, ancestor of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and thirdly, Sir James Sandilands, of Calder, ancestor of the Lords Torphichen.

• Isabella, married firstly (dispensation 24 September1371), second Earl of Douglas (died without issue 19 August 1388). She married secondly, before 1390, Sir John Edmonstone and had issue, a son.

• Elizabeth, married before 7 November 1372, Sir Thomas Hay, Constable of Scotland (who died July, 1406), an ancestor of the Earls of Erroll

Robert II, married secondly (Papal Dispensation 2 May, 1355), Euphemia (died 1387), widow of John Randolph, Earl of Moray, and daughter of Hugh, Earl of Ross, and by her had issue,

• David, Earl Palatine of Strathearn, and Earl of Caithness, born circa 1356, and died before 1389, leaving issue, an only daughter and heiress Euphemia, COUNTESS PALATINE OF STRATHEARN and Countess of Caithness, which latter Earldom she resigned to her uncle, Walter Stewart. She married ante December 1406, her cousin, Sir Patrick Graham of Kilpont (killed 10 August 1412), son of Sir Patrick Graham of Kincardine, and died October 1415, having had issue,

  • Malise, third Earl of Strathearn, who was during his minority divested of that Earldom on the pretence that it was a male fee and was created instead EARL OF MENTEITH 6 September 1427

  • Euphemia, married firstly, 1425, Archibald, 5th Earl of Douglas, and had issue. He died 26 June, 1439. She married secondly, 1440, James, first Lord Hamilton and died 1468-69, leaving further issue. He died 14 November 1479.

  • Elizabeth, married Sir John Lyon of Glamis, ancestor of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne.

• Walter, Earl of Caithness, on resignation of his niece Euphemia, 1390, and created Earl of Atholl 1409. He married before 19 October 1378, Margaret, daughter and heiress of Sir David de Barclay, Lord of Brechin, in whose right he was Lord of Brechin. He was the chief organiser of the conspiracy to which JAMES I fell a victim, and for which he suffered death and attainder 26 March, 1437. He had two sons,

  • David, died vita patris and left issue,

    • Robert Stewart (Sir), who suffered for complicity in the same crime 1437.

  • Alan, Earl of Caithness, in whose favour his father resigned that Earldom, died vita patris, unmarried 1431, killed at Inverlochy.

• Egidia, married 1387, Sir William Douglas of Nithsdale, natural son of Archibald, third Earl of Douglas, and had issue.

• Katherine (or Jean or Elizabeth), married 1380, Sir David Lindsay, first Earl of Crawford and had issue

Robert II also had several illegitimate sons,

• Sir John, ancestor of the Marquesses of Bute.

• Thomas, Archdeacon of St Andrews and Dean of Dunkeld.

• Alexander, Canon of Glasgow.

• Sir John, of Dundonald, k. 1425.

• Alexander, of Inverlunan.

• James, of Kinfauns.

• Sir John, ancestor of the Stewarts of Cardney

Robert II died at his Castle of Dundonald, 19 Apri1, 1390, and was succeeded by his eldest son, John Stewart, Earl of Carrick, as,

ROBERT III, born 1337, Crowned at Scone 14 August 1390, married in or shortly before 1367, Annabella (died 1401), daughter of John Drummond, of Stobhall, and had issue,

• DAVID, Steward of Scotland, Earl of Carrick, born 24 October 1378, created Duke of Rothesay, 28 April, 1398, married February 1399-1400 Marjorie (who married secondly Walter Haliburton), daughter of Archibald, third Earl of Douglas, and died without issue 26 March, 1402.

• Robert, died young.

• JAMES, succeeded as JAMES I.

• Margaret, married Archibald, 4th Earl of Douglas, and Duke of Touraine, and had issue.

• Mary, married firstly, 1397, George Douglas, Earl of Angus, and had issue, she married secondly, 1404, Sir James Kennedy of Dunure and had issue she married thirdly, 1413, William, first Lord Graham and had issue, she married fourthly, 1425, Sir William Edmonstone of Duntreath and had issue. She died 1458 and was buried with the last in Strathblane Church.

• Egidia.

• Elizabeth, married 1387, James Douglas, Lord of Dalkeith, grandfather of first Earl of Morton

Robert III, also had two illegitimate sons,

• James, of Kilbride.

• Sir John, ancestor of the Shaw Stewarts, Baronet

Robert III died at Dundonald, Ayrshire, 4 April, 1406, and was succeeded by his third son,

JAMES I, born December 1394, captured by the English at sea, 4 April, 1406, was a prisoner in England until 1424, and was crowned at Scone 21 May, 1424. He married 2 February 1423-4, Lady Joan Beaufort (who married secondly, 1439, Sir James Stewart, the "Black Knight of Lorn" and died 15 July, 1445), daughter of first Earl of Somerset (son of John of Gaunt and Katherine Swinford), and had issue,

• Alexander, Duke of Rothesay, born 16 October 1430, died in infancy.

• JAMES (twin with his brother), succeeded as JAMES II.

• Margaret, married 24 June, 1436, Louis, Dauphin of France, afterwards Louis XI, and died without issue 16 August 1444.

• Isabella, married 30 October 1442, Francis, Duke of Bretagne, and died 1494, leaving issue.

• Jean, married 1459, first Earl of Morton, and had issue.

• Eleanor, married 12 February 1449, Sigismund von Tirol, Duke of Austria, and died without issue 4 March, 1496.

• Mary, married 1444, Wolfaert van Borselen, Count of Grandpre and Lord of Campvere, in Zeeland.

• Annabella, married firstly, 14 December 1447, Louis, Count of Geneva, son of the Duke of Savoy. She was div., and married secondly before 10 March, 1459, George, Earl of Huntly from whom she was divorced, 24 July, 1471.

James I was assassinated at Perth by his uncle, Walter, Earl of Atholl, Sir Robert Graham, and other conspirators, 21 February 1436-7, was buried in the Carthusian Church at Perth, and was succeeded by his younger son,

JAMES II, born 16 October 1430, Crowned 25 March, 1437, married 3 July, 1449, Mary (died 1 December 1463, buried in Trin. Coll. Church, Edinburgh), daughter of Arnold, Duke of Gueldres, and had issue,

• JAMES, Duke of Rothesay, succeeded as JAMES III.

• Alexander, Duke of Albany, married firstly, Lady Katherine Sinclair, daughter of William, Earl of Orkney and Caithness, which married was diss. on the ground of propinquity, 1478, and the issue was declared illegitimate by Act of Parliament, 1516. He married secondly, 19 January 1479-80, Anne, third daughter of Bertrand de la Tour, Count d’Auvergne, and by her had issue, John, second Duke of Albany, Regent of Scotland during the minority of JAMES V, married 8 July, 1505, his cousin german, Anne, daughter of John de la Tour, Count d'Auvergne, and died without issue 2 July, 1536. The Duke was killed in Paris by the splinter of a lance at a tournament, 1485.

• David, styled Earl of Moray, died in infancy before 18 July, 1457.

• John, Earl of Mar, died unmarried 1479.

• Mary, married firstly, ante 26 April, 1467, Thomas Boyd, Earl of Arran. He died circa 1474, leaving issue. She married secondly, before April, 1474 (Papal Dispensation 25 April, 1476), James Hamilton, first Lord Hamilton, and died May, 1488, having had issue. He died 12 November 1479.

• Margaret, died unmarried

James II also left an illegitimate son,

• Sir John, of Sticks, ancestor of the Steuarts of Ballechin

James II was killed by the bursting of a piece of ordnance at Roxburgh Castle, 3 August 1460 (buried at Holyrood), and was succeeded by his eldest son,

JAMES III, born 10 July, 1451, Crowned at Kelso, 10 August 1460, married 13 July, 1469, Margaret (died 14 July 1486, buried at Cambuskenneth), daughter of CHRISTIAN I, King of Denmark, and had issue,

• JAMES, Duke of Rothesay, succeeded as JAMES IV.

• James, born March, 1475-76, created at his baptism, Marquess of Ormond and in 1488, Duke of Ross, Archbishop of St. Andrews 1497, Chancellor of Scotland 1502, died 12-17 January 1502-3.

• John, created Earl of Mar, 2 March, 1485-6, died unmarried 11 March, 1502-3.

James III was killed at Sauchieburn, 11 June, 1488 (buried at Cambuskenneth), and was succeeded by his eldest son,

JAMES IV, born 17 March, 1472-3, Crowned 26 June, 1488, married 8 August 1503, Margaret (who married secondly, 6 August 1514, 6th Earl of Angus, whom she divorced and thirdly, March, 1526, Henry Stewart, Lord Methven, son of Lord Avandale and died 18 October 1541), eldest daughter of KING HENRY VII of England, and had issue, with two daughters, (died in infancy),

• James, born 21 February 1506-7, died 27 February 1507-8.

• Arthur, born 20 October 1509, died 14 July, 1510.

• JAMES, Duke of Rothesay, succeeded as JAMES V.

• Alexander (styled Duke of Ross), born 30 April, 1514, died 8 December 1515.

James IV had several illegitimate children,

• Alexander, Archbishop of St Andrews, killed at the battle of Flodden 1513.

• James, Earl of Moray.

• Catherine, married James Douglas first Earl of Morton.

• Margaret, married firstly John, Lord Gordon and secondly Sir John Drummond of Innerpeffray

• Jean, married Malcolm, Lord Fleming

James IV fell at Flodden, 9 September 1513 (buried at Richmond, Surrey), and was succeeded by his third son,

JAMES V, born 10 April, 1512, crowned at Stirling 21 September 1513, married firstly, 1 January 1536-7, Madeline de Valois (died without issue 7 July, 1537, buried at Holyrood), daughter of FRANCIS I, of France. He married secondly, June, 1538, Marie de Lorraine, Regent of Scotland during her daughter's minority (died in Edinburgh Castle, 10 June, 1560, buried at Rheims), widow of Louis d'Orleans, Duke of Longueville, and daughter of Claude de Guise Lorraine, Duke d'Aumale, and had issue,

• James, born 22 May, 1540, died an infant.

• Arthur, Duke of Albany, born April, 1541, died an infant.

• MARY, Queen of Scots.

James V also had numerous illegitimate children,

• James, Commendator Abbys of Melrose and Kelson, died without issue 25 September 1557.

• James, first Earl of Moray.

• James.

• Robert, first Earl of Orkney, ancestor of the Stewarts of Eday.

• John, Lord Darnley, ancestor of the Stewarts, Earls of Bothwell

• Adam, Prior of the Charterhouse at Perth.

• Robert, Prior of Whithorn.

• Jean, married 1554 Archibald, 5th Earl of Argyll

• Margaret.

James V died at Falkland, 14 December 1542 (buried at Holyrood House), and was succeeded by his only daughter,

MARY, born at Linlithgow, 7 or 8 December 1542, crowned at Stirling Castle 9 September 1543, married firstly, 24 April, 1558, Francis, The Dauphin of France, afterwards FRANCIS II (who died without issue 5 December 1560). She married secondly, 29 July, 1565, her cousin Henry, Lord Darnley (son of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox), created 15 May, 1565, previously to his marriage, Duke of Albany, Earl of Ross, and Lord Ardmanach, (murdered at the Kirk of Field, 10 February 1566-7) and had issue. She married thirdly, 15 May, 1567, 4th Earl of Bothwell, who was created Duke of Orkney 12 May, 1567, and died without issue 14 April, 1578. A prisoner at Loch Leven after the defeat at Carberry Hill, the Queen was compelled to abdicate 24 July, 1567, escaping from Loch Leven and defeated at Langside, 13 May, 1568, she fled to England, and after 19 years' captivity, was beheaded in Fotheringay Castle, Northants, 8 February 1586-7. By her second husband she had an only son,

THE HOUSE OF STUART

JAMES VI (of Scotland) and I (of England) (the first of the HOUSE OF STUART), King Scotland & England, born at Edinburgh Castle, 19 June, 1566, Duke of Rothesay and Heir-apparent to Scotland at birth, succeeded his mother, Mary I, as James VI, King of Scotland, 24 July, 1567, Crowned 29 July following, succeeded his grandmother's first cousin, Elizabeth I, as King of England and Ireland, 24 March, 1603, as JAMES I, and was so crowned 25 July, 1603, married at Upsala, 21 November 1589, Anne (born at Scanderborg, 14 October 1574, died at Hampton Court, 2 March, 1618-19, buried at Westminster Abbey), daughter of Frederick II, King of Denmark and Norway, and had issue,

• Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, born 19 February 1593-4, died vita patris unmarried 6 November 1612.

• CHARLES I, afterwards King.

• Robert, Duke of Kintyre, born 18 February 1601-2, died 27 May, 1602.

• Elizabeth, born 19 August 1596, married 14 February 1613, Frederick V, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Elector, King of Bohemia, K.G. (died 20 November 1632), and died 13 February 1662, having had issue, eight sons and five daughters, of whom,

  • Henry Frederick, King of Bohemia, born 1 January 1614, died vita patris 7 January 1628.

  • Charles Lewis, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Elector, K.G., born 12 December 1617, married 12-22 February 1650, Charlotte (died 26 March, 1686), daughter of William V, Landgrave of Hesse, and had issue, with two sons (both died without issue), a daughter,

    • Elizabeth Charlotte, born 17-27 May, 1652, married as his second wife, 21 November 1671, Philip, Duke of Orleans, and died 8 December 1722, leaving issue. He died 9 June, 1701.

  • Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Cumberland, K.G., born 17 December 1619, died unmarried 29 November 1682.

  • Maurice, Count Palatine of the Rhine, born 17 December 1620, drowned, unmarried 10 March, 1654.

  • Edward, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Nevers, jure uxoris, K.G., born 6 October 1624, married 24 April, 1645, Anne de Gonzaga (died 6 July, 1684), daughter and heiress of Charles II, Duke of Nevers, and died 10 March, 1663, leaving issue, three daughters

  • Louisa Hollandine, Abbess of Maubuisson, born 18 April, 1622, died 11 February 1709.

  • Sophia, declared Heiress Presumptive to England, 6 March, 1701-2, born 13 October 1630, married 30 September 1658, Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg, Duke of Hanover, Elector (died 23 January 1698) and died 8 June, 1714, having had issue,

    • GEORGE LEWIS, afterwards King.

    • Frederick Augustus, born 3 October 1661, killed in battle against the Turks, 30 December 1690.

    • Maximillan William, Imperial Field Marshal, born 23 December 1666, died 16 July, 1726.

    • Charles Philip, born 13 October 1669, killed in battle against the Turks, 1 January 1690-1.

    • Christian, born 19 September 1671, drowned in the Danube, fighting against the French, 31 July, 1703.

    • Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany, born 7 September 1674, died unmarried 14 August 1728.

    • Sophia Charlotte, born 20 October 1668, married 6 October 1684, Frederick I, King of Prussia, and died 21 January 1705, leaving issue. He died 5 February 1713.

• Margaret, born 24 December 1598, died March, 1600.

• Mary, born 8 April, 1605, died 16 December 1607.

• Sophia, born 22, died 23 June, 1606.

James I died at Theobalds, Herts, 27 March, 1625 (buried at Westminster Abbey), and was succeeded by his son,

CHARLES I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, born at Dunfermline, 19 November 1600, Duke of Albany, Marquis of Ormond, and Duke of York, 1604, Prince of Wales, and Earl of Chester, 1616, succeeded his father, James I and VI, as King, 27 March, 1625, crowned 2 February 1626, married at Canterbury Cathedral, 11 May, 1625, Henrietta Maria (born at Le Louvre, Paris, 25 November 1609, died at Chateau de Colombe, 10 September 1669, buried at St. Denis), daughter of Henry IV, King of France and had issue,

• Charles James, Duke of Cornwall, born and died 13 May, 1629.

• CHARLES II, afterwards King.

• JAMES II, afterwards King.

• Henry, Duke of Gloucester, K.G., born 8 July, 1640, died unmarried 13 September 1660.

• Mary, Princess Royal, born 4 November 1631, married 2 May, 1648, WILLIAM II, Prince of Orange (died 6 November 1650), and died 24 December 1660, leaving issue, an only son,

  • WILLIAM III Henry, afterwards King.

• Elizabeth, born 29 December 1635, died 8 September 1650.

• Anne, born 17 March, 1636-7, died 8 December 1640.

• Katharine, born 29 January 1638-9, died the same day.

• Henrietta Anne, born 16 June, 1644, married 31 March, 1661, as his first wife, Philip, Duke of Orleans (died 9 June, 1701), and died 30 June, 1670, having had, with other issue,

  • Anne Marie, born 27 August 1669, married as his first wife, 10 April, 1684, Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy, King of Sardinia, and died 26 August 1728, leaving issue. He died 31 October 1732.

Charles I was beheaded at Whitehall, 30 January 1649 (buried at Windsor), and was succeeded by his son,

CHARLES II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, born at St. James's, 29 May, 1630, Prince of Wales, 1638, succeeded his father, Charles I, as King 30 January 1649, obtained possession of the Crown, 29 May, 1660, crowned 23 April.1661, married at Portsmouth, 21 May 1662, Catherine, Infanta of Portugal (born at Lisbon, 25 November 1638, died without issue at Lisbon, 30 November 1705, buried at Belem), daughter of JOHN IV, King of Portugal. He died without issuel at Whitehall 6 February 1685 (bur. at Westminster Abbey) but left numerous illegitimate issue,

(By Lucy Walter or Barlow (1630-58))

• James, Duke of Monmouth & Buccleuch, born 1649, married 1663 Anna Scott, daughter of Francis Earl of Buccleuch, and was beheaded 1685, leaving issue

(By Elizabeth Killigrew, Lady Shannon)

• Charlotte, born circa 1650, married firstly James Howard, grandson of Theophilus Howard, second Earl of Suffolk, and had issue and secondly 1672 William Paston, second Earl of Yarmouth, and died 1684, leaving further issue

(By Catherine Pegge)

• Charles FITZCHARLES, Earl of Plymouth, born circa 1657, married 1678 Bridget Osborne, daughter of Thomas, Duke of Leeds, and died without issue 1680.

• Catherine FITZCHARLES, died young.

(By Barbara Villiers or Palmer, Countess of Castlemaine and Duchess of Cleveland (1641-1709)

• Charles FITZROY, first Duke of Cleveland, born 1662, married firstly 1671 Mary (d.s.p 1680), daughter of Sir Henry Wood, Knight, married secondly 1694 Alice (died 1746), daughter of Sir William Pulteney, of Misterton, Lincs., and died 1730, leaving issue.

• Henry FITZROY, first Duke of Grafton, born 1663, married 1672 Isabella Bennett (died 1723), daughter of Henry, Earl of Arlington, and died 1690, leaving issue

• George FITZROY, Duke of Northumberland, born 1665, married firstly 1685/6 Catherine (died without issue 1714), widow of Thomas Lucy, of Charlecote, and daughter of Robert Wheatley, of Bracknell, Berks., married secondly 1714/5 Mary (died 1738), daughter of Henry Dutton, and died without issuel 1716.

• Anne, born 1660-1, married 1674 Thomas Lennard, first Earl of Sussex, and died 1722, leaving issue

• Charlotte, born 1664, married 1677 Edward Henry Lee, first Earl of Lichfield, and died 1716, leaving issue.

(By Nell Gwyn (1650-87)

• Charles BEAUCLERK, first Duke of St. Albans, KG, born 1670, married 1694 Diana de Vere (d. 1741/2), daughter of Aubrey, Earl of Oxford, and died 1726, leaving issue

• James BEAUCLERK, born 1671, died 1680.

(By Louise-Renee de Penancoet de Keroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth (1649-1734))

• Charles LENNOX, first Duke of Richmond, born 1672, married 1692/3 Anne Brudenell (died 1722), daughter of Francis Baron Brudenell, and died 1723, leaving issue

(By Moll or Mary Davis)

• Mary Tudor, born 1673, married firstly 1687 Edward Radcliffe, second Earl of Derwentwater (died 1705), and had issue, secondly 1705 Henry Graham, of Levens, MP, who died 1706-7, and thirdly 1707 James Rooke. She died 1726.

He was succeeded by his brother,

JAMES II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, born at St. James's, 14 October 1633, Duke of York, 1642, Earl of Ulster, 1659, succeeded his brother, Charles II, as James II, King of England and Ireland, and VII of Scotland, 6 February 1685, crowned 23 April, 1685, married firstly, at Breda, 24 November 1659, and Worcester House, 3 September 1660, Anne (born at Cranbourne Lodge, Windsor, 12 March, 1637, died St. James's Palace, 31 March, 1671, bur. at West­minster Abbey), eldest daughter of Edward Hyde, first Earl of Clarendon, Lord Chancellor of England, and had issue,

• Charles, Duke of Cambridge, born 22 October 1660, died 5 May, 1661.

• James, Duke of Cambridge, born 11 July, 1663, died 20 June, 1667.

• Charles, Duke of Kendal. born 4 July, 1666, died 22 May, 1667.

• Edgar, Duke of Cambridge, born 14 September 1667, died 8 June, 1671.

• MARY II, afterwards Queen.

• ANNE, afterwards Queen.

• Henrietta, born 13 Jan., died 15 November 1669.

• Catherine, born 9 Feb., died 5 December 1671.

He married secondly (proxy), at Modena, 30 September 1673, in person at Dover, 21 November 1673, Mary Beatrix Anne Margaret Isabella D'Este (born at Modena, 25 September 1658, died at St. Germain, 8 May, 1718, buried at Chaillot), daughter of Alphonso IV, Duke of Modena, and by her had issue,

• Charles, Duke of Cambridge, born 7 November, died 12 December 1677.

• JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD, Duke of Cornwall, Prince of Wales, proclaimed James III and VIII on the death of his father, 16 September1701, by LOUIS XIV, King of France, and acknowledged as such by Spain and the Papacy, born 10 June, 1688, married 28 May, 1719, Mary Clementina (died 30 December 1735), daughter of Prince James Lewis Sobieski, son of John Sobieski, King of Poland, and died 1 January 1766, leaving issue,

  • CHARLES EDWARD Louis Philip Casimir, privately acknowledged as CHARLES III, King of England, Scotland and Ireland on the death of his father, 1 January 1766, but not publicly by France, Spain or the Papacy, born 31 December 1720, married 17 April, 1772, Louisa Maximiliana, Princess of Stolberg-Gedern (died 29 January 1824), eldest daughter of Gustavus Adolphus, Prince of Stolberg-Gedern, and died without issuel. 31 January 1788. However, he left an illegitimate daughter (by Clementina Walkinshaw),

    • Charlotte, awarded by her father the title of Duchess of Albany, Act of Legitimation registered by the Parliament of Paris August 1784, bapt 29 October 1753, died unmarried 17 November 1789, but (by Prince Ferdinand Maximilien de Rohan-Guemene, Archbishop of Cambrai, and Count of the Empire (1738-1813)), had three illegitimate children,

      • (Charles Edward) August Maximilien de Rohan-Stuart, more commonly known as Charles Edward Stuart, Count de Roehenstart, born 13 May 1784 in Paris, married firstly circa 1819/20 Maria Antoinetta Sophia (Barbuoeni ?) (died without issue and buried 1821, aet 31), he married secondly 13 December 1826 Louisa Constance (died without issue 1853), daughter of Joseph Bourchier Smith, of Kidlington, Oxon, and died without issue 27 October 1854.

      • Victorie-Adelaide, married firstly circa 1804/6 Paul Anthony, Chevalier de Nikorowicz (died 1810), and had issue, married secondly 29 November 1823 Capt. Corbet James d’Auvergne, RN (died 5 February 1826, aged 60), and thirdly Jean, Chevalier de Pauw. She died 27 April 1836.

      • Charlotte Maximilenne Amelie, born circa 1780/1 in Paris, married 20 July 1804 in Paris Jean Louis Lugie Cousin de la Morliere (died 20 December 1846), and died without issue 22 July 1807.

  • HENRY Benedict Mary Clement, Cardinal 1747, Bishop of Frascati, 1761, assumed the designation Henry IX, King of England, Scotland and Ireland on the death of his brother, 31 January 1788, born 21 March, 1725, died 13 July, 1807, when the legitimate male line of the Royal House of Stuart became extinct. Upon his death, his rights as Stuart heir to the British Crown, descended to the great­-grandson of Anne Marie, Princess of Orleans (see above), namely, Charles Emanuel IV, King of Sardinia, Duke of Savoy, Jesuit (died without issue 6 October 1819). Duke Albert of Bavaria is the present senior representative of this line.

• Catherine Laura. born 10 January died 3 October 1675.

• Isabel, born 28 August 1676, died 2 March, 1680-1.

• Charlotte Maria, born 15 Aug., died 6 October 1682,

• Louisa Maria Teresa, born 18 June, 1692, died unmarried 18 April, 1712.

James II, also had several illegitimate children,

• James FITZJAMES, first Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed, created Duke of Liria and Xerica (Spain) in 1707, and Duke of FitzJames (France) in 1710, with special remainder to the issue of his second wife, a Marshal of France 1706, born 21 August 1670, married firstly 26 March 1695 Honora de Burgh (died 1698), widow of Patrick Sarsfield, Earl of Lucan (in the Jacobite Peerage), daughter of William, Earl of Clanricarde, and had issue, he married secondly 18 April 1700 Anne (died 12 June 1751), daughter of Hon. Henry Bulkeley, 4th son of Thomas, first Viscount Bulkeley, and had further issue. He was killed at the siege of Philippsburg 12 June 1734. The Duchy of FitzJames is now extinct but the Duke’s male line representative in Spain is the present Duke of Penaranda.

• Henry FITZJAMES, created Duke of Albermarle, by his father King James 13 January 1696, born August 1673, married 20 July 1700 Marie Gabrielle (she married secondly 25 May 1707 John Drummond, second Earl of Melfort and died 15 May 1741), only child of Jean D’Audibert, Count de Lussan, and died December 1702, leaving issue a daughter

• James Darnley, born 1685, died and buried 1686 Westminster Abbey.

• Henrietta FitzJames, born circa 1667, married firstly Henry (Waldegrave), first Baron Waldegrave of Chewton (died January 1689/90, aged 28), and had issue married secondly circa 26 March 1695 Piers (Butler), third Viscount Galmoye (died without issuem. 18 June 1740), and died 3 April 1730.

• Arabella FITZJAMES, a nun, born 1672/3, died 7 November 1704.

• Katherine Darnley born 1681/2, married firstly 28 October 1699 James (Annesley), 5th Earl of Anglesey (died without issuem. 21 January 1701/2), and had issue married secondly 16 March 1705/6, as his third wife, John Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham and Normanby (died 24 February 1720/1), and died 13 March 1742/3), having had further issue.

James II (who died at St. Germain, 16 September 1701, buried there) was declared by Act of Parliament, 2 February 1689, to have abdicated the Government on 11 December 1688, and, on 13 February 1689, his nephew, William III, Prince of Orange, and his daughter, Mary, were proclaimed King and Queen, as

WILLIAM III AND MARY II, King and Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland. He was born post­humously Sovereign Prince of Orange, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, at The Hague, 14 November 1650. Crowned with his wife as joint Sovereigns, 11 April, 1689, married at St. James's Palace, 4 November 1677, QUEEN MARY II, eldest daughter of JAMES II (born at St. James's Palace, 30 April, 1662, died at Kensington, 28 December 1694, bur. at West­minster). He died at Kensington, 8 March, 1702 (buried at Westminster Abbey), and was succeeded by

His sister-in-law,

ANNE, Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland, and from 6 March, 1707, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, (second daughter of JAMES II), born at St. James's, 6 February 1665, succeeded her brother-in-law, William III, 8 March, 1702, crowned 23 April 1702, married at St. James's Palace, 28 July, 1683, GEORGE, Prince of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, K.G. (died at Kensington, 28 October 1708, buried at Westminster Abbey), son of Frederick III, King of Denmark and Norway, and had issue,

• William, Duke of Gloucester, K.G., born 24 July, 1689, died 30 July, 1700.

• George, born and died 17 April, 1692.

• Mary, born 2 June, 1685, died 8 February 1686.

• Anne Sophia, born 12 June, 1686, died 2 February 1686-7.

• Mary, born October 1690, died and buried 14 October 1690.

Anne died without issues. at Kensington, 1 August 1714 (buried at Westminster Abbey), and was succeeded by her first cousin once removed,

THE HOUSE OF GUELPH

GEORGE I (the first of the HOUSE OF GUELPH), King of Great Britain, etc., born Georg Ludwig, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, at Osnaburg, 28 May, 1660, succeeded his father as Duke of Hanover and Elector, 23 Jan.1697-8, Duke of Zell, 1705, Duke of Bremen and Verden, 1719, , naturalized English subject, 1705, succeeded his first cousin once removed, Queen Anne, 1 August, 1714, crowned 20 October 1714, married 21 November 1682, his first cousin Princess Sophia Dorothea (born at Zell, 3 February 1666, div. 28 December 1694, and died at Ahlden, 13 November 1726, uncrowned, buried at Zell), only surviving daughter of George William, Duke of Brunswick-Zell, and had issue,

• GEORGE AUGUSTUS, Prince of Wales, afterwards King.

• Sophia Dorothea, born 16 March, 1685, married 28 November 1706, Frederick William I, King of Prussia, and died 29 June, 1757, having had issue, seven sons and eight daughters. He died 31 May, 1740.

George I also had several illegitimate children,

• Petronelle Melusine, born circa 1693, married 1733 Philip Dormer (Stanhope), Earl of Chesterfield (died 24 March 1773), and died without issue 16 September 1778.

• Margaret Gertrude, born 1703, married Count von Lippe, and died 11 November 1773.

George I died at Osnaburg, 11 June, 1727 (buried at Hanover), and was succeeded by his only son,

GEORGE II, King of Great Britain, etc., born George August, Duke of Brunswick Luneburg, at Hanover, 30 October 1683, Kurprinz of Hanover, 23 January 1697-8, naturalized an English subject, 1705), Duke and Marquess of Cambridge, Earl of Milford Haven, Viscount Northallerton, and Baron Tewkesbury, 1706, Duke of Cornwall, 1 August 1714, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, 27 September 1716, succeeded his father as King of Great Britain and Duke of Hanover and Elector, 11 June, 1727, Crowned 11 October 1727, married 22 August 1705 Princess Wilhelmina Charlotte CAROLINE (born at Anspach, 1 March, 1682, died at St. James's, 20 Nov 1737, buried at Westminster Abbey), daughter of John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Anspach, and had issue,

• FREDERICK LEWIS, Prince of Wales, born Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, at Hanover, 20 January 1707, Duke of Gloucester, 1717, Duke of Edinburgh, Marquess of Ely, Earl of Eltham, Viscount Launceston, and Baron Snowdon, 1726, Duke of Cornwall, etc., and Kurprinz of Hanover, 11 June, 1729, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, 8 January 1729, married 27 April, 1736, Princess Augusta (born 30 November 1719, died 8 February 1772), yst. daughter of Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, and died vita patris 20 March,1751, leaving issue,

  • GEORGE WILLIAM FREDERICK, Prince of Wales, afterwards King.

  • Edward Augustus, Duke of York and Albany, Earl of Ulster, K.G., born 14 March, 1739, died unmarried 17 September 1767.

  • William Henry, first Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, Earl of Connaught, born 14 November 1743, married 6 September 1766, Maria (died 22 August 1807), widow of James, second Earl Waldegrave, K.G., and illegitimate daughter of Hon. Sir Edward Walpole and died 25 August 1805, having had issue,

    • William Frederick, second Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, etc., K.G., Field Marshal, born 15 Jan 1776, married 22 July 1816, his first cousin, Princess Mary (died 30 April, 1857), 4th daughter of GEORGE III, and died without issue 30 November 1834.

    • Sophia Matilda, Ranger of Greenwich Park, born 29 May, 1773, died unmarried 29 November 1844.

    • Caroline Augusta Maria, born 24 June, 1774, died 14 March, 1775.

  • Henry Frederick, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn, Earl of Dublin, K.G., Admiral of the White, born 27 October 1745, married 2 October 1771, Hon. Anne (d. 28 December 1808), widow of Christopher Horton, of Catton Hall, Derbyshire, and daughter of Simon Luttrell, first Earl of Carhampton (extinct 1829), and died without issuel. 18 September 1790.

  • Frederick William, b13 May, 1750, died 29 December 1765.

  • Augusta, born 31 July, 1737, married 17 January 1764, Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, and died 23 March, 1813, having had issue, four sons and three daughters. He died of wounds received at the Battle of Jena, 10 November 1806.

  • Elizabeth Caroline, born 30 December 1740, died 4 September 1759.

  • Louisa Ann, born 8 March, 1748-49, died 13 May, 1768.

  • Caroline Matilda, born posthumously, 11 July, 1751, married 1 October 1766, her first cousin, Christian VII, King of Denmark and Norway, and died 10 May, 1775, having had issue, two sons and one daughter. He died 13 March, 1808.

• George William, born 3 November 1717, died 6 February 1718.

• William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, Marquess of Berkhampstead, Earl of Kennington, Viscount Trematon and Baron Alderney, K.G. , Field Marshal, and C-in-C cmd'd. the Army at Fontenoy and Culloden, born 15 April, 1721, died unmarried 31 Oct 1765.

• Anne (Princess Royal), born 2 November 1709, married 25 March, 1734, William IV, Charles Henry Friso, Prince of Orange and Nassau-Dietz, and died 12 Jan 1759, leaving issue, one son and one daughter. He died 22 October 1751.

• Amelia Sophia Eleanor, born 10 June, 1711, died unmarried 31 October 1786.

• Caroline Elizabeth, born 10 June, 1713, died unmarried 28 December 1757.

• Mary, born 22 February 1723, married as his first wife, 8 May, 1740, Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, K.G., and died 14 January 1772, having had issue, four sons. He died 30 October 1785.

• Louisa, born 7 December 1724, married 30 October 1743, as his first wife, Frederick V, King of Denmark and Norway, and died 8 December 1751, having had issue, two sons and two daughters. He died 14 January 1766.

George II died at Kensington Palace, 25 October 1760 (buried at Westminster Abbey), and was succeeded by his grandson,

GEORGE III, William Frederick, King of Great Britain and Ireland, born at Norfolk House, Westminster, 4 June, 1738, succeeded his father as Duke of Cornwall, second Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, and Kurprinz of Hanover, 20 March, 1751, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, 20 April, 1751, succeeded his grandfather as King of Great Britain and Duke of Hanover and Elector, 25 October 1760, Sovereign Prince of Osnaburg and Munster, 1803, King of Hanover and Sovereign Prince of East Friesland, 1814, crowned 22 September 1761, married 8 September 1761, Princess Sophia Charlotte (born at Mirow, 19 May, 1744, died at Kew Palace, 17 November 1818, buried at Windsor), yst. daughter of Charles I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , and had issue,

• GEORGE AUGUSTUS FREDERICK, Prince of Wales, afterwards King.

• Frederick Augustus, Duke of York and Albany, Earl of Ulster, K.G., Prince and Bishop of Osnaburg (1764-1803), Field Marshal and C-in-C, born 16 August 1763, married 29 September 1791, Princess Frederica Charlotte Ulrica Catherine (died 6 Aug.1820), daughter of Frederick William II, King of Prussia, and died without issue 5 January 1827.

• WILLIAM HENRY, Duke of Clarence, afterwards King.

• Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, Earl of Dublin, K.G., Field Marshal, born 2 November 1767, married 20 May, 1818 Princess Victoria Mary Louise (died 16 March, 1861), widow of Emich Charles, Reigning Prince of Leiningen, and daughter of Francis Frederick Antony, Duke of Saxe-Saalfeld-Coburg, and died 23 January 1820, leaving issue, an only child,

  • ALEXANRINA VICTORIA, afterwards Queen.

• ERNEST AUGUSTUS, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg and King of Hanover, first Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, Earl of Armagh, K.G., Field Marshal, born 5 June, 1771, succeeded his brother, William IV, as King of Hanover, 20 June, 1837, married 29 May, 1815, Princess Frederica Sophia Charlotte Alexandrina (died 29 June, 1841), widow of (1) Prince Frederick Louis Charles of Prussia, and (2) Prince Frederick William of Solms-Braunfels, and third daughter of Charles Louis Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-­Strelitz and died 18 November 1851, leaving issue

• Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, Earl of Inverness, and Baron Arklow, K.G., born 27 January 1773, married at Rome, 4 April, 1793, and at St. George's, Hanover Square, London, 5 December 1793 (annulled by the Prerogative Court, August 1794, as contracted in violation of The Royal Marriage Act, 1772), Lady Augusta Murray, afterwards D'AMELAND (assumed by Royal Licence, 1506) (died 5 March, 1830), second daughter of John, 4th Earl of Dunmore. He went through a form of marriage (in violation of The Royal Marriage Act, 1772), circa 2 May, 1831, with Lady Cecilia Letitia Buggin, afterwards UNDERWOOD (surname assumed by Royal Licence, 2 May, 1831), cr. Duchess of Inverness (1840) (died 1 August 1873), widow of Sir George Buggin, Knight, and eldest daughter of Arthur Saunders, second Earl of Arran, K.P., by his third wife Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Underwood, and died without issuel. 21 April, 1843.

• Adolphus Frederick, first Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Tipperary, and Baron Culloden, K.G., Field Marshal, Viceroy of Hanover 1816-37, born 24 February 1774, married at Cassel, 7 May and at Buckingham Palace, 1 June, 1818, Princess Augusta Wilhelmina Louise (died 6 April. 1889), third daughter of the Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Cassel and died 8 July, 1850, leaving issue,

  • George William Frederick Charles, second Duke of Cambridge, etc., KG., Field Marshal and C-in-C 1856-95, born at Hanover, 26 March, 1819, went through a form of marriage in violation of The Royal Marriage Act, 1772, 8 January 1847, with Sarah (Louisa) Fairbrother (Mrs Fitz-George) (died 12 January 1890), and died without issue 17 March, 1904.

  • Augusta Caroline Charlotte Elizabeth Mary Sophia Louisa, born 18 July, 1822, married 28 June, 1843, Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, K.G., and died 4 December1916, having had issue, two sons. He died 30 May, 1904.

  • Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina Elizabeth, born 27 November 1833, married 12 June, 1866, Francis Paul Charles Louis Alexander, Prince and Duke of Teck, Major-Gen. (born 27 August 1837, died 21 Jan.1900), only son of Duke Alexander of Württemberg, by his morganatic wife Claudine, Countess Rhedey and died 27 October 1897, leaving issue,

    • Adolphus Charles Alexander Albert Edward George Philip Louis Ladislas, Duke of Teck, created MARQUESS of CAMBRIDGE

    • Francis Joseph Leopold Frederick, Prince of Teck, Major first Dragoons, served in succeeded Africa 1899-1900, born 9 January 1870, died unmarried 22 October 1910.

    • Alexander Augustus Frederick William Alfred George, Prince of Teck, K.G., created EARL of ATHLONE

    • Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes, Princess of Teck (H.M. QUEEN MARY), born 26 May, 1867, married 6 July, 1893, H.M. KING GEORGE V, and died 24 March, 1953, having had issue (see below). He died 20 Jan.1936.

• Octavius, born 23 February 1779, died 3 May, 1783.

• Alfred, born 22 September 1780, died 20 August 1782.

• Charlotte Augusta Matilda (Princess Royal), born 29 September 1766, married 18 May, 1797, Frederick I, King of Württemberg, and died without issue 6 October 1828. He died 30 October 1816.

• Augusta Sophia, born 8 November 1768, died unmarried 22 September 1840.

• Elizabeth, born 22 May, 1770, married 7 April, 1818, Frederick Joseph Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg and died without issue 10 January 1840. He died 2 April, 1829.

• Mary, born 25 April, 1776, married 22 July, 1816, her first cousin, William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester (see above) and died without issue 30 April, 1857. He died 30 November 1834.

• Sophia, born 3 November 1777, died unmarried 27 May, 1848.

• Amelia, born 7 August 1783, died unmarried 2 November 1810.

George III died at Windsor, 29 January 1820 (buried there) and was succeeded by his eldest son,

GEORGE IV, Augustus Frederick, King of Great Britain and Ireland, born at St. James's Palace, 12 Aug.1762, Duke of Cornwall etc., and Kurprinz of Hanover at birth, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, 17 Aug.1762, Regent of the Duchy of Brunswick, 1806, Prince Regent of the United Kingdom, 5 February 1811, Crown Prince of Hanover, 1814, succeeded his father as King of Great Britain, etc., and King of Hanover, 29 January 1820, Crowned 10 July, 1821, married at St. James's Palace, 8 April, 1795, his first cousin, Princess Caroline Amelia Elizabeth (born at Brunswick, 1768, died at Hammersmith, 7 August 1821, uncrowned, buried at Brunswick), second daughter of Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wölfenbuttel, by his wife Princess Augusta of Wales (see above), and had issue, an only daughter,

• Charlotte Augusta, born 7 January 1796, married 2 May, 1816, Prince Leopold George Frederick of Saxe-Saalfeld-Coburg, third son of Francis Antony Frederick, Reigning Duke of Saxe-Saalfeld-Coburg, and died vita patris after giving birth to a stillborn son, 6 November 1817. Prince Leopold was elected King of the Belgians, 4 June, 1831 and married secondly, 9 August 1832, Princess Louise Marie Thérèse (died 11 October 1850), daughter of Louis Philippe, King of the French. He died 10 December 1865, leaving issue.

George IV also had an illegitimate son,

• George Seymour Crole, Ensign first Dragoons (1817), Lieut. 11th Dragoons (1820), ADC to Marquess of Hastings Gov. of Bengal, and subsequently Earl Amherst, Capt. 4first Foot (1823), Major (1826), born 23 August 1799, educated RMC Sandhurst, died unmarried 13 June 1863.

George IV died at Windsor, 26 June, 1830 (buried there), and was succeeded by his brother,

WILLIAM IV Henry, King of Great Britain and Ireland, born at Buckingham Palace, 21 August 1765, Duke of Clarence and St. Andrews, and Earl of Munster, 20 May, 1789, Admiral of the Fleet, 1811, Lord High Admiral, succeeded his brother as King of Great Britain, etc., and King of Hanover, 26 June, 1830, Crowned 8 September1831, married at Kew Palace, 11 July, 1818, Princess Adelaide Louisa Theresa Caroline Amelia (born at Meiningen, 14 August 1792, died at Sadbury Park, 2 December 1849, buried at Windsor), eldest daughter of George I, Reigning Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and had issue,

• Charlotte Augusta Louisa, born and died 21 March, 1819.

• Elizabeth Georgiana Adelaide, born 10 December 1820, died 4 March, 1821.

William IV also had numerous illegitimate issue,

• William Henry Courtenay, Midshipman RN, drowned at sea 1807 in the Indian Ocean.

• George Augustus Frederick Fitz-Clarence, first Earl of Munster, born 16 January 1794, married 18 October 1819 Mary Wyndham, illegitimate daughter of George, third Earl of Egremont, and had issue. He committed suicide 20 March 1842.

• Henry Edward Fitz-Clarence, born 27 March 1795, died unmarried September 1817.

• Frederick Fitz-Clarence, GCH, born 9 December 1799, married 19 May 1821 Lady Augusta Boyle (died 28 July 1876), daughter of 4th Earl of Glasgow, and died 30 October 1854, leaving issue a daughter

• Adolphus Fitz-Clarence, GCH, Rear-Adm., born 18 Feb.1802, died unmarried 17 May 1856.

• Augustus Fitz-Clarence (Rev.), born 1 March 1805, married 2 January 1845 Sarah Elizabeth Catherine (died 23 March 1901), eldest daughter of Lord Henry Gordon and died 14 June 1854, leaving issue

• Sophia Fitz-Clarence, born August 1796, married 13 August 1835 first Baron De L’Isle, and died 10 April 1837, leaving issue.

• Mary Fitz-Clarence, born 19 December 1798, married 19 June 1824 Gen. Charles Richard Fox, MP, illegitimate son of third Baron Holland

• Elizabeth Fitz-Clarence, born 17 January 1801, married 4 December 1820 18th Earl of Erroll, and died 16 January 1856, leaving issue.

• Augusta Fitz-Clarence, born 17 November 1803, married firstly 5 July 1827 Hon. John Kennedy-Erskine, second son of first Marquess of Ailsa and had issue, he married secondly 24 August 1836 Lord John Frederick Gordon-Halyburton, third son of 9th Marquess of Huntly, and died 8 December 1865.

• Amelia Fitz-Clarence, born 21 March 1807, married 27 December 1830 10th Viscount Falkland and died 2 July 1858, leaving issue.

William IV died at Windsor, 20 June, 1837 (buried there), and was succeeded by his niece,

VICTORIA, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, born at Kensington Palace, 24 May, 1819 succeeded her uncle as Queen of Great Britain, etc., 20 June, 1837, crowned 28 June, 1838, proclaimed Empress of India at Delhi, 1 January 1877, married at St. James's Palace, 10 February 1840, H.R.H. Francis ALBERT Augustus Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, created PRINCE CONSORT by Letters Patent, under the Great Seal, 25 June, 1857, K.G., Field-Marshal (2nd son of Ernest I, Reigning Duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha born at Rosenau, nr. Coburg, 26 August 1819, died at Windsor, 14 December 1861 (buried at Frogmore). They had issue,

• ALBERT EDWARD, Prince of Wales, afterwards King.

• Alfred Ernest Albert, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, succeeded his uncle, Duke Ernst II, 22 August 1893, Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Kent and Earl of Ulster, K.G., Admiral of the Fleet, born 6 August 1844, married 23 January 1874, Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna (died 25 October1920), only daughter of Alexander II, Emperor of all the Russias and died 30 July, 1900, leaving issue when he was succeeded in Saxe-­Coburg and Gotha by his nephew, Charles Edward, second Duke of Albany (see below)).

• Arthur William Patrick, first Duke of Connaught & Strathearn and Earl of Sussex, KG, Field Marshal, Gov-Gen of Canada 1911-16, born 1 May 1850, married 13 March 1879 Princess Louise Margarety Alexandra Victoria Agnes (died 14 March 1917), third daughter of Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia and died 16 Jan 1942, leaving issue

• Leopold George Duncan Albert, first Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence and Baron Arklow, K.G., Col. in the Army, born 7 April, 1853, married 27 April, 1882, Princess Helen Frederica Augusta (died 1 September 1922), daughter of George Victor, Reigning Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and died 28 March, 1884, leaving issue

• Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa (Princess Royal), born 21 November 1840, married 25 January 1858, Frederick III, German Emperor and King of Prussia, K.G. (died 15 June, 1888), and died 5 August 1901, leaving issue

• Alice Maud Mary, born 25 April, 1843, married 1 July, 1862, H.R.H. Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse, K.G. (died 13 March, 1892), and died 14 December 1878, having had issue

• Helena Augusta Victoria, born 25 May, 1846, married 5 July, 1866, Prince (Frederick) Christian (Charles Augustus) of Schleswig-Holstein, K.G. (died 28 October1917), and died 9 June, 1923, having had issue Louise Caroline Alberta, born18 March, 1848, married at Windsor Castle, 21 March, 1871, 9th Duke of Argyll, KG, and died without issue 3 December1939. He died 2 May, 1914.

• Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore, born 14 April, 1857, married 23 July, 1885, Prince Henry Maurice of Battenberg, K.G. (died at sea, 20 January 1896, from fever contracted in the Ashanti Expedition), and died 26 October1944, having had issue

Victoria died at Osborne, 22 Jan.1901 (buried at Frogmore), and was succeeded by her eldest son,

EDWARD VII, Albert, styled "By The Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India", born at Buckingham Palace, 9 November 1841, Duke of Cornwall, etc., at birth, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, 8 December 1841, Earl of Dublin, 17 January 1850, succeeded his mother as King of Great Britain, etc., and Emperor of India, 22 Jan.1901, crowned 9 Aug.1902, married at St. George's Chapel, Windsor, 10 March, 1863, Princess ALEXANDRA Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julie, K.G. (born at Copenhagen, 1 December1844, died at Sandringham, 20 November1925, bur. at Windsor), eldest daughter of Christian IX, King of Denmark and had issue,

• Albert Victor Christian Edward, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, and Earl of Athlone, K.G., born 8 January 1864, died vita patris unmarried 14 January 1892.

• GEORGE FREDERICK ERNEST ALBERT, Prince of Wales, afterwards King.

• Alexander John Charles Albert, born 6 April, died 7 April, 1871.

• Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar (Princess Royal), born 20 February 1867, married 27 July, 1889, Alexander William George, first Duke of Fife, K.G. , and died 4 Jan.1931, leaving issue.

• Victoria Alexandra Olga Mary, born 6 July, 1868, died unmarried 3 December1935.

• Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria, born 26 November 1869, married 22 July, 1896, her first cousin, Prince Christian Frederick Charles George Valdemar Axel of Denmark, K.G., afterwards Haakon VII, King of Norway (died 21 September1957), second son of Frederick VIII, King of Denmark and died 20 November1938, leaving issue.

Edward VII died at Buckingham Palace, 6 May, 1910 (buried at Windsor), and was succeeded by his only surviving son.

THE HOUSE OF WINDSOR

GEORGE V, Frederick Ernest Albert (First of the HOUSE OF WINDSOR), styled "By The Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland, and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India", born at Marlborough House, 3 June, 1865, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Saxony (discontinued 17 July, 1917), Duke of York, Earl of Inverness, and Baron Killarney, 24 May 1892, Duke of Cornwall, etc., and heir-apparent, 22 Jan.1901. Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, 9 Nov 1901, succeeded his father as King of Great Britain. etc., Emperor of India, 6 May, 1910, Crowned 22 June, 1911, married at St. James's Palace, 6 July, 1893, H.S.H. Princess Victoria MARY Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes (born at Kensington Palace, 26 May, 1867, died at Marlborough House, 24 March, 1953, buried at Windsor), only daughter of Francis Paul Charles Louis Alexander, Duke of Teck, by his wife Princess Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina Elizabeth, younger daughter of Adolphus Frederick, first Duke of Cambridge (see above), and had issue,

• EDWARD ALBERT CHRISTIAN GEORGE ANDREW PATRICK DAVID, afterwards King EDWARD VIII, and later Duke of WINDSOR.

• ALBERT FREDERICK ARTHUR GEORGE, afterwards King GEORGE VI.

• Henry William Frederick Albert, DUKE OF GLOUCESTER, KG (1921), KT (1933), KP (1934), GCB (1942), GCMG (1935), GCVO (1922), PC (1925), created Duke of Gloucester, Earl of Ulster and Baron Culloden 31 March 1934, born at York Cottage, Sandringham 31 March 1900, married 6 November 1935 Lady Alice Christabel Montagu-Douglas-Scott, third daughter of 7th Duke of Buccleuch and 9th Duke of Queensberry, KT, GCVO, and died at Barnwell Manor, Northants 10 June 1974, leaving issue).

  • Richard Alexander Walter George, second Duke of Gloucester, KG, GCVO, Grand Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, born 26 August 1944, married 8 July 1972 Birgitte Eva van Deurs, GCVO, daughter of Asger Henriksen and Vivian van Deurs, and has issue,

    • Alexander Patrick Gregers Richard, Earl of Ulster, cmd’d King`s Royal Hussars 1998, born 24 October 1974, educated Eton and King`s Coll, London (BA).

    • Davina Elizabeth Alice Benedikte, born 19 November 1977.

    • Rose Victoria Birgitte Louise, born 1 March 1980.

• George Edward Alexander Edmund, DUKE OF KENT, KG (1923), KT (1935), PC (1937), GCMG (1934), GCVO (1924), born at Sandringham 20 December 1902, created Duke of Kent, Earl of St. Andrews, and Baron Downpatrick 12 October 1934, married at Westminster Abbey 29 November 1934 Marina (died at Kensington Palace 27 August 1968, buried Frogmore), yst. daughter of Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark and was killed on active service, 25 August 1942, leaving issue,

  • Edward George Nicholas Paul Patrick, second Duke of Kent, KG, GCMG, GCVO, ADC(P), [Wren House, Palace Green, London W8 4PY], born 9 Oct 1935, married 8 June 1961 Katharine Lucy Mary, GCVO, daughter of Sir William Worsley, 4th Baronet and has issue,

    • George Philip Nicholas, Earl of St. Andrews, [York House, St. James`s Palace, London SW1A 1BQ], born 26 June 1962, educated Eton and Downing Coll., Cambridge, married 9 January 1988 Sylvana Tomaselli, and has issue,

      • Edward Edmund Maximilian George, Baron Downpatrick, born 2 December 1988.

      • Marina Charlotte Alexandra Katharine Windsor, born 30 September 1992.

      • Amelia Sophia Theodora Mary Margaret Windsor, born 24 August 1995.

    • Nicholas Charles Edward Jonathan, born 25 July 1970.

    • Helen Marina Lucy, born 28 April 1964, married 18 July 1992 Timothy Verner Taylor, son of Cmr. Michael Taylor, RN, and has issue,

      • Columbus George Donald, born 6 August 1994.

      • Cassius Edward, born 26 December 1996.

  • Michael George Charles Franklin, KCVO, born 4 JuIy 1942, married 30 June 1978 Baroness Marie-Christine Agnes Hedwig Ida von Reibnitz, formerly wife of Thomas Troubridge daughter of Baron Gunther von Reibnitz, and has issue,

    • Frederick Michael George David Louis, born 6 April 1979.

    • Gabriella Marina Alexandra Ophelia, born 23 April 1981.

  • Alexandra Helen Elizabeth Olga Christabel, GCVO, born 25 December 1936, married 24 April 1963 The Rt. Hon. Sir Angus Ogilvy, KCVO [Thatched House Lodge, Richmond Park, Surrey], second son of 12th Earl of Airlie) and has issue.

• John Charles Francis, born at York Cottage, Sandringham, 12 July, 1905, died Wood Farm, Wolferton, Norfolk 18 Jan.1919.

• Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary, THE PRINCESS ROYAL, C.I. (1919), G.C.V.O. (1937), G.B.E. (1927), R.R.C. (1953), T.D., C.D., I.L.D., D.C.L., G.C.St.J., Chancellor of Leeds Univ. 1951-65, Controller Comdt. W.R.A.C. 1949-65, born 25 April, 1897, declared The Princess Royal 1 Jan.1932, married at Westminster Abbey, 28 February 1922, 6th Earl of Harewood, K.G., G.C.V.O., D.S.O., and died 28 March, 1965, leaving issue. He died 24 May, 1947.

George V died at Sandringham, 20 Jan.1936 (buried at Windsor), and was succeeded by his eldest son,

EDWARD VIII, By the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland, and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India, 20 Jan.1936, succeeded as Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay etc, on his father’s accession 6 May 1910, created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester 2 June 1910, succeeded his father as King of Gt. Britain, and Emperor of India etc 20 January 1936. His Majesty renounced the throne for himself and his descendants by instrument dated 10 December1936, which was confirmed by the Declaration of Abdication Act, passed on the following day. He was created by Patent, dated 8 March, 1937, DUKE OF WINDSOR in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. He married 3 June 1937 (Bessie) Wallis Warfield (died at Paris 24 April 1986), formerly wife of Ernest Aldrich Simpson, and previously of Capt. Earl Winfield Spencer, Jr., and only child of Teackle Wallis Warfield, of Balitmore, Maryland, USA. He died without issue at Paris 28 May 1972, and was succeeded by his brother,

GEORGE VI Albert Frederick Arthur George, By the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland, and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, born at York Cottage, Sandringham, 14 December1895, Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney, 3 June, 1920, succeeded upon the abdication of his brother, 10 December1936, as King of Great Britain, etc., and Emperor of India, abandoned the imperial dignity, 22 June, 1948, Crowned 12 May, 1937, married at Westminster Abbey, 26 April, 1923, Lady Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon (born at St. Paul's Waldenbury, 4 Aug.1900), daughter of 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, K.T. and had issue,

• ELIZABETH Alexandra Mary, afterwards Queen

• Margaret Rose, born at Glamis Castle 21 August 1930, married at Westminster Abbey 6 May 1960 (divorced) Antony Charles Robert Armstrong Jones, first Earl of Snowdon, GCVO, only son of Ronald Owen Lloyd Armstrong-Jones, MBE, DL, JP, QC, of Plas Dinas, Caernarvonshire, and has issue

George VI died at Sandringham, 6 Feb.1952 (buried at Windsor), and was succeeded by his elder daughter,

ELIZABETH II, Alexandra Mary, QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND AND OF HER OTHER REALMS AND TERRITORIES, HEAD OF THE COMMONWEALTH, born at 17 Bruton St, London W1 21 April 1926, married at Westminster Abbey 20 November 1947 Philip, created Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich, of Greenwich, co. London 20 November 1947, KG (1947), KT (1952), OM (1968), PC (1951), only son of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark succeeded her father 6 February 1952, crowned at Westminster Abbey 2 June 1953, and has issue,

• CHARLES, PHILIP ARTHUR GEORGE, PRINCE OF WALES, KG (1958), KT (1977), GCB (1975), PC (1977), succeeded as Duke of Cornwall and DUKE OF ROTHESAY etc., on his mother’s accession 6 February 1952, created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester 26 July 1958, born at Buckingham Palace 14 November 1948, married at St. Paul’s Cathedral 29 July 1981 (divorced 28 August 1996) Lady Diana Spencer (died 31 August 1997), daughter of 8th Earl Spencer, and has issue,

  • WILLIAM ARTHUR PHILIP LOUIS, born 21 June 1982

  • Henry (Harry) Charles Albert David, born 15 September 1984

• ANDREW Albert Christian Edward, DUKE OF YORK, CVO (1979), created Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killleagh 1986, Cdr, RN, born at Buckingham Palace 19 February 1960, married at Westminster Abbey 23 July 1986 (divorced 1996) Sarah Margaret, second daughter of Brig. Ronald Ivor Ferguson and has issue,

  • Beatrice Elizabeth Mary, born 8 August 1988.

  • Eugenie Victoria Helena 23 March 1990.

• EDWARD Antony Richard Louis, EARL OF WESSEX, CVO (1989), created Earl of Wessex, and Viscount Severn 1999, born at Buckingham Palace 10 March 1964, married 19 June 1999 Sophie Helen, daughter of Christopher Rhys-Jones, of Brenchley, Kent.

• ANNE Elizabeth Alice Louise, THE PRINCESS ROYAL, LG (1994), LT (2000), GCVO (1974), created Princess Royal 13 June 1987, born at Clarence House 15 August 1950, married firstly at Westminster Abbey 14 November 1973 (marriage dissolved 1992) Capt. Mark Anthony Peter Philips, CVO, and has issue,

  • Peter Mark Andrew, born 15 November 1977

  • Zara Anne Elizabeth 15 May 1981.

  Anne married secondly, 12 December 1992 Commodore Timothy James Hamilton Laurence

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